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Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh,〔English pronunciation: , (see Mairi Robinson, (''The Concise Scots Dictionary'' ), Edinburgh University Press, 1999, p. 101).〕 took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh, Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scottish and English armies, it was part of the conflict known as the Rough Wooing, and is considered to be the first modern battle in the British Isles. It was a catastrophic defeat for Scotland, where it became known as Black Saturday.〔Phillips, p. 193〕
==Background==
In the last years of his reign, King Henry VIII of England tried to secure an alliance with Scotland by the marriage of the infant Mary, Queen of Scots, to his young son, the future Edward VI. When diplomacy failed, he launched a war against Scotland that became known as the Rough Wooing. The war also had a religious aspect; the Scots refused to have Reformation imposed on them by England. During the battle, the Scots taunted the English soldiers as ''loons (persons of no consequence), tykes and heretics''. A thousand monks from various orders formed part of the Earl of Angus's division. Many died in the battle.
When Henry died in 1547, Edward Seymour, maternal uncle of Edward VI, became Lord Protector and Duke of Somerset, with (initially) unchallenged power. He continued the policy of forcible alliance with Scotland by the marriage of Mary to Edward, and of imposing an Anglican Reformation on the Scottish Church. Early in September 1547, he led a well-equipped army into Scotland, supported by a large fleet.〔Phillips, pp. 178–183〕 The Earl of Arran, Scottish Regent at the time, was forewarned by letters from Adam Otterburn, his representative in London, who had observed English war preparations.〔Cameron, Annie, ''Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine'', SHS (1927), 192–194.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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